{"id":135,"date":"2017-05-23T14:19:39","date_gmt":"2017-05-23T14:19:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/?p=135"},"modified":"2019-03-04T18:21:02","modified_gmt":"2019-03-04T18:21:02","slug":"ostatne-poruchy-ucenia-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/2017\/05\/23\/ostatne-poruchy-ucenia-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Ostatn\u00e9 poruchy u\u010denia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"dslc-theme-content\"><div id=\"dslc-theme-content-inner\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Z. Michalov\u00e1 (2004) uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je u\u017e viac ako ist\u00e9, \u017ee medzi \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi poruchami u\u010denia existuje ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia diskrepancia a presah, ako sa odborn\u00edci domnievali d\u00e1vnej\u0161ie. Autorka uv\u00e1dza aj niektor\u00e9 z \u010fal\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9, niekedy aj v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my pri osvojovan\u00ed si u\u010debnej l\u00e1tky, ako napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><strong>dyspinxia<\/strong> \u2013 \u0161pecifick\u00e1 porucha kreslenia, pre ktor\u00fa je charakteristick\u00e1 n\u00edzka \u00farove\u0148 kresby, ide o celkov\u00fa neschopnos\u0165 zobrazi\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 predmety a javy adekv\u00e1tne v z\u00e1vislosti od veku;<br \/>\n<strong>dysm\u00fazia<\/strong> \u2013 \u0161pecifick\u00e1 porucha hudobn\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed, pri ktorej ide o naru\u0161en\u00fa schopnos\u0165 vn\u00edmania a reprodukcie hudby a rytmu. Relat\u00edvne patr\u00ed medzi \u010dastej\u0161ie \u0161pecifick\u00e9 poruchy, ale nem\u00e1 tak\u00fd z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd dopad na v\u00fdu\u010dbu die\u0165a\u0165a ako dyslexia, dysgrafia, dysortografia a dyskalk\u00falia. <!--more-->M. Novotn\u00e1 a M. Kremli\u010dkov\u00e1 (1997, in: Michalov\u00e1, 2004) dysm\u00faziu delia na expres\u00edvnu, ktor\u00e1 neumo\u017e\u0148uje die\u0165a\u0165u reprodukova\u0165 ani ve\u013emi zn\u00e1my hudobn\u00fd mot\u00edv, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee be\u017ene identifikova\u0165, rozpozn\u00e1va\u0165, rovnako dok\u00e1\u017ee aj pozna\u0165 falo\u0161n\u00fd spev tak u in\u00fdch os\u00f4b, ako aj u seba a na tot\u00e1lnu (centr\u00e1lnu), pri ktorej ide o celkov\u00fa stratu hudobn\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed, tak\u00fdto jedinec hudbu nech\u00e1pe, neidentifikuje a nepam\u00e4t\u00e1 si ju;<br \/>\n<strong>dyspraxia<\/strong> \u2013 porucha motorickej obratnosti, ktor\u00e1 sa prejavuje v r\u00f4znych oblastiach alebo ide o \u0161pecifick\u00fa v\u00fdvojov\u00fa poruchu motorickej funkcie, ktor\u00e1 sa podie\u013ea na vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed celkovej pohybovej charakteristiky spr\u00e1vania. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm a najm\u00e4 hlavn\u00fdm rysom tejto poruchy je v\u00e1\u017ene postihnutie v\u00fdvoja pohybovej koordin\u00e1cie, ktor\u00fd nes\u00favis\u00ed s celkovou retard\u00e1ciou intelektu ani \u0161pecifickou vrodenou alebo z\u00edskanou nervovou poruchou. Motorick\u00e1 neobratnos\u0165 je zvy\u010dajne spojen\u00e1 s ur\u010dit\u00fdm stup\u0148om po\u0161kodenia v\u00fdkonu pri vizu\u00e1lno-priestorov\u00fdch kognit\u00edvnych \u00faloh\u00e1ch. Pohybov\u00e1 koordin\u00e1cia die\u0165a\u0165a pri jemn\u00fdch alebo hrub\u00fdch motorick\u00fdch \u00faloh\u00e1ch by mala by\u0165 signifikantne pod \u00farov\u0148ou o\u010dak\u00e1vanou u die\u0165a\u0165a dan\u00e9ho veku a inteligencie. Probl\u00e9my s koordin\u00e1ciou by mali by\u0165 pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 od rann\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja a nemali by by\u0165 d\u00f4sledkom priameho p\u00f4sobenia ak\u00fdchko\u013evek defektov zraku, sluchu ani \u017eiadnej diagnostikovate\u013enej sluchovej poruchy.<\/p>\n<p>Z uveden\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee \u010diasto\u010dn\u00e9 deficity \u0161pecifick\u00fdch funkci\u00ed s\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00fdm podkladom pre v\u0161etky v\u00fdvinov\u00e9 poruchy u\u010denia. Ako u\u017e bolo vy\u0161\u0161ie spom\u00ednan\u00e9, diagnostikovali sme viac ako tis\u00edc det\u00ed, ani u jedn\u00e9ho z det\u00ed nebol rovnak\u00fd rann\u00fd v\u00fdvin, n\u00e1stup probl\u00e9mov v u\u010den\u00ed a ich samotn\u00fd priebeh, temperament, motiv\u00e1cia, pozornos\u0165, koordin\u00e1cia, zmyslov\u00e9 a selekt\u00edvne vn\u00edmanie, senzorick\u00e9 vn\u00edmanie priestoru, pam\u00e4\u0165 a pod. Poruchy u\u010denia sa rozvin\u00fa do konkr\u00e9tneho typu, ale pri dodr\u017ean\u00ed svojej individu\u00e1lnej, \u0161pecifickej charakteristiky. Tieto teoretick\u00e9 a praktick\u00e9 poznatky sme sa sna\u017eili vyu\u017ei\u0165 a implementova\u0165 do lie\u010debno-pedagogick\u00e9ho programu.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z. Michalov\u00e1 (2004) uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je u\u017e viac ako ist\u00e9, \u017ee medzi \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi poruchami u\u010denia existuje ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia diskrepancia a presah, ako sa odborn\u00edci domnievali d\u00e1vnej\u0161ie. Autorka uv\u00e1dza aj niektor\u00e9 z \u010fal\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9, niekedy aj v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my pri osvojovan\u00ed si u\u010debnej l\u00e1tky, ako napr\u00edklad: dyspinxia \u2013 \u0161pecifick\u00e1 porucha kreslenia, pre<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-informacie-o-poruchach"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1109,"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135\/revisions\/1109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}