{"id":127,"date":"2017-05-23T14:10:36","date_gmt":"2017-05-23T14:10:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/?p=127"},"modified":"2019-03-04T18:27:34","modified_gmt":"2019-03-04T18:27:34","slug":"co-je-to-detska-mozgova-obrna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/2017\/05\/23\/co-je-to-detska-mozgova-obrna\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je to detsk\u00e1 mozgov\u00e1 obrna"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"dslc-theme-content\"><div id=\"dslc-theme-content-inner\"><p>Detsk\u00e1 mozgov\u00e1 obrna je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 postihnutie pohybov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja podmienen\u00e9 prenat\u00e1lnym, perinat\u00e1lnym alebo v\u010dasne postnat\u00e1lnym po\u0161koden\u00edm mozgu<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sympt\u00f3my<\/strong> \u2013 mo\u017eno pozorova\u0165 r\u00f4zne formy por\u00fach:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>zv\u00fd\u0161enie svalov\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia, stvrdnutie svalstva,<\/li>\n<li>poruchy koordin\u00e1cie a rovnov\u00e1hy,<\/li>\n<li>re\u010dov\u00e9 poruchy,<\/li>\n<li>zmena reaktivity,<\/li>\n<li>poruchy pozornosti, pam\u00e4ti, u\u010denia,<\/li>\n<li>n\u00e1padnosti alebo odli\u0161nosti v emocion\u00e1lnej sf\u00e9re.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Formy detskej mozgovej obrny \u2013 pozn\u00e1me dve z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 formy DMO:<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Spastick\u00e1 forma DMO<\/strong> \u2013 svaly maj\u00fa patologicky trval\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd svalov\u00fd tonus.<\/h4>\n<p><em><strong>Vyskytuje sa vo vari\u00e1ci\u00e1ch:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Diparetick\u00e1 forma:<\/strong>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 svalov\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie doln\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn a panvy ch\u00f4dza s barli\u010dkami alebo s oporou druhej osoby,<\/li>\n<li><strong> Hemiparetick\u00e1 forma<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pravostrann\u00e1 alebo \u013eavostrann\u00e1.<br \/>\nkon\u010datiny (ruka a noha) skr\u00e1ten\u00e9 s poru\u0161enou hybnos\u0165ou<br \/>\n\u010dasto s\u00fa pridru\u017een\u00e9 epileptick\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty,<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kvadruparetick\u00e1 forma<\/strong><br \/>\npostihnut\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u0161etky kon\u010datiny<br \/>\nintelekt je zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd u 90% det\u00ed<br \/>\n\u010dast\u00e9 s\u00fa epileptick\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Triparetick\u00e1 forma<\/strong> \u2013 postihuje oby\u010dajne obidve nohy a jednu ruku<\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Nespastick\u00e1 forma DMO<\/strong> \u2013 svaly maj\u00fa trvale patologicky zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd svalov\u00fd tonus. Vyskytuje sa v t\u00fdchto vari\u00e1ci\u00e1ch:<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Dyskinetick\u00e1 forma<\/strong>&#8211; pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 nepotla\u010dite\u013en\u00fdch, nechcen\u00fdch pohybov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa:<\/li>\n<li>a)<strong> atetotick\u00e9<\/strong> &#8211; pomal\u00e9, \u201e\u010dervovit\u00e9\u201c, vlnit\u00e9,<\/li>\n<li>b) <strong>choreatick\u00e9<\/strong> &#8211; prudk\u00e9, ne\u010dakan\u00e9, oby\u010dajne drobn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> Hypotonick\u00e1 forma<\/strong><br \/>\n&#8211; zn\u00ed\u017eenie svalov\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia, ve\u013ek\u00fd rozsah pohybov v k\u013aboch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Dopad TP- DMO na v\u00fdchovno-vzdel\u00e1vac\u00ed proces<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>poruchy hybnosti:die\u0165a sa m\u00f4\u017ee pohybova\u0165 pomocou voz\u00edka,barl\u00ed samostatne \u2013 s oporou dospelej osoby<\/p>\n<h4>Pred prijat\u00edm TP die\u0165a\u0165a do \u0161koly vedenie \u0161koly mus\u00ed zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165, \u010di vie vytvori\u0165 podmienky pre TP die\u0165a a to:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>bezbari\u00e9rov\u00fd pr\u00edstup,<\/li>\n<li>vozi\u010dk\u00e1ri potrebuj\u00fa upravi\u0165 toalety, potrebuj\u00fa samostatn\u00e9 toalety,<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fd\u0161ku um\u00fdvadla \u010di vyp\u00edna\u010dov v triede prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165,<\/li>\n<li>nevyhnutn\u00e1 je nastavite\u013en\u00e1 lavica pre TP \u017eiakov,<\/li>\n<li>v triede vytvori\u0165 relaxa\u010dn\u00fd k\u00fatik,<\/li>\n<li>zabezpe\u010di\u0165 asistenta u\u010dite\u013ea alebo pedagogick\u00e9ho asistenta,<\/li>\n<li>poruchy hrubej a jemnej motoriky, zrakovo- motorickej koordin\u00e1cie maj\u00fa negat\u00edvny dopad na grafomotorick\u00fd prejav- proces n\u00e1cviku samotn\u00e9ho p\u00edsania prebieha pomal\u0161ie, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 obdobie je potrebn\u00e9 venova\u0165 uvo\u013e\u0148ovac\u00edm cvi\u010deniam ramenn\u00e9ho, lak\u0165ov\u00e9ho a z\u00e1p\u00e4stn\u00e9ho k\u013abu a ruky a pr\u00edpravn\u00fdm cvi\u010deniam na p\u00edsanie, pod\u013ea potreby \u017eiaka je vhodn\u00e9 dlh\u0161iu dobu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161ie riadky na p\u00edsanie, zo\u0161ity s pomocnou liniat\u00farou, n\u00e1sadky na ceruzky, osved\u010dilo sa n\u00e1m pero pre dysgrafikov , odpor\u00fa\u010dame zad\u00e1va\u0165 menej textu na prepis i opis textu a vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165 pr\u00e1cu na \u010das,<\/li>\n<li>zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 jemn\u00e1 motorika m\u00e1 dopad na v\u0161etky predmety praktickej povahy a to s\u00fa: v\u00fdtvarn\u00e1 v\u00fdchova pr\u00e1ca s no\u017enicami a drobn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom, pracovn\u00e9 vyu\u010dovanie, hudobn\u00e1 v\u00fdchova- nedok\u00e1\u017eu \u010dasto spr\u00e1vne zap\u00edsa\u0165 noty a pod,<\/li>\n<li>vo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edkoch maj\u00fa \u017eiaci probl\u00e9m s rysovan\u00edm v predmete geometria, pri laborat\u00f3rnych cvi\u010deniach na fyzike, ch\u00e9mii- preto je potrebn\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti nahradi\u0165 popisom pracovn\u00e9ho \u010di kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9ho postupu,<\/li>\n<li>poruchy priestorovej orient\u00e1cie- maj\u00fa negat\u00edvny dopad na orient\u00e1ciu v priestore \u0161koly, okolia, ale aj na pr\u00e1cu s plo\u0161n\u00fdm priestorom- t\u00edto \u017eiaci maj\u00fa probl\u00e9m orientova\u0165 sa pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed v riadku, str\u00e1caj\u00fa sa v texte- preto nie je vhodn\u00e9 napom\u00edna\u0165 \u017eiaka za to, \u017ee nevie napr. pokra\u010dova\u0165 v \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed po spolu\u017eiakovi na vyzvanie u\u010dite\u013ea,<\/li>\n<li>naru\u0161en\u00e1 priestorov\u00e1 orient\u00e1cia sa prejavuje na hodin\u00e1ch geografie \u010di dejepisu pri orient\u00e1cii na mape \u010di zna\u010den\u00edm do slepej mapy, alebo orient\u00e1cii na \u010dasovej (\u010d\u00edselnej ) osi, zvy\u010dajne \u017eiak dok\u00e1\u017ee pracova\u0165 s mal\u00fdm \u0161kolsk\u00fdm zemepisn\u00fdm atlasom, ale pri zmene mapy- ve\u013ekosti mapy zlyh\u00e1,<\/li>\n<li>poruchy okohybn\u00fdch nervov a zraku ( \u0161ku\u013eavos\u0165, tupozrakos\u0165, atrofia zrakov\u00fdch nervov, kr\u00e1tkozrakos\u0165, \u010falekozrakos\u0165 ) \u2013 potrebn\u00e9 je spr\u00e1vne umiestnenie \u017eiaka \u2013 lavice v triede, \u010falej spr\u00e1vne zvoli\u0165 pri p\u00edsomn\u00fdch previerkach ve\u013ekos\u0165 p\u00edsma , hr\u00fabku p\u00edsma, osvetlenie,<\/li>\n<li>poruchy re\u010di a jej v\u00fdvinu ( fufnavos\u0165, dyzartria, dysl\u00e1lia, idioglosia &#8211; tvorenie vlastnej re\u010di, skandovan\u00e1 re\u010d, mutizmus, oneskoren\u00fd v\u00fdvin re\u010di ) , pomal\u00e9 tempo \u010d\u00edtania, respira\u010dn\u00e1 nepravidelnos\u0165- ak je \u017eiakovi nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edta\u0165 pred kolekt\u00edvom triedy nevy\u017eadova\u0165 od neho tak\u00e9to \u010d\u00edtanie, n\u00e1js\u0165 si vhodn\u00fd \u010das a sp\u00f4sob na preverenie \u010ditate\u013esk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed \u017eiaka a jeho v\u00fdkon neporovn\u00e1va\u0165 s v\u00fdkonom ostatn\u00fdch \u017eiakov,<\/li>\n<li><strong>hypersaliv\u00e1cia<\/strong> (nadmern\u00e1 slinivos\u0165) \u2013 pomoc zabezpe\u010d\u00ed osobn\u00fd asistent<\/li>\n<li>m\u00f4\u017eu sa vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 epileptick\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty \u2013 riadi\u0165 sa pokynmi rodi\u010dov a lek\u00e1ra<\/li>\n<li>poruchy spr\u00e1vania ( zl\u00e9 s\u00fastredenie na ak\u00fako\u013evek \u010dinnos\u0165, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u00fanava, \u201e zvyknutie si na pomoc in\u00fdch a branie pomoci za samozrejmos\u0165, vzdorovitos\u0165 ), potrebn\u00e9 s\u00fa relaxa\u010dn\u00e9 chv\u00ed\u013eky a rozhovory so \u017eiakom- \u010do sa od neho v konkr\u00e9tnej situ\u00e1cii o\u010dak\u00e1va,<\/li>\n<li>mal\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di infekci\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina t\u00fdchto det\u00ed pracuje na vyu\u010dovan\u00ed za pomoci osobn\u00e9ho asistenta alebo pedagogick\u00e9ho asistenta.<br \/>\nPre \u010dast\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie \u010di zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa chorobnos\u0165 ( po konzult\u00e1cii s odborn\u00fdm lek\u00e1rom) v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch odpor\u00fa\u010dame najm\u00e4 v \u010dase rekonvalescencie po oper\u00e1cii a v \u010dase obdobia zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch v\u00edrusov\u00fdch infekci\u00ed \u010diasto\u010dn\u00e9 oslobodenie od povinnosti doch\u00e1dza\u0165 do \u0161koly, m\u00e1me aj \u0165a\u017eko TP \u017eiaka ( ktor\u00fd je le\u017eiaci)s vysoko nadpriemern\u00fd IO a je vzdel\u00e1van\u00fd formou individu\u00e1lneho vzdel\u00e1vania na gymn\u00e1ziu.<br \/>\nPri v\u00fdbere povolania je potrebn\u00e9 zoh\u013eadni\u0165 druh a stupe\u0148 postihnutia a intelektov\u00e9 predpoklady. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti pre tieto deti nie s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 stredn\u00e9 \u0161koly s praktick\u00fdm zameran\u00edm.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Detsk\u00e1 mozgov\u00e1 obrna je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 postihnutie pohybov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja podmienen\u00e9 prenat\u00e1lnym, perinat\u00e1lnym alebo v\u010dasne postnat\u00e1lnym po\u0161koden\u00edm mozgu Sympt\u00f3my \u2013 mo\u017eno pozorova\u0165 r\u00f4zne formy por\u00fach: zv\u00fd\u0161enie svalov\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia, stvrdnutie svalstva, poruchy koordin\u00e1cie a rovnov\u00e1hy, re\u010dov\u00e9 poruchy, zmena reaktivity, poruchy pozornosti, pam\u00e4ti, u\u010denia, n\u00e1padnosti alebo odli\u0161nosti v emocion\u00e1lnej sf\u00e9re.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-informacie-o-poruchach"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1114,"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127\/revisions\/1114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.csppke.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}